Category موضوعي
Texts and their transmission
Inscriptions, manuscripts, editions, translations and the transmission of texts.
Advanced search →Artifact 10 Entity 180 Period 1 Person 99 Site 28 Study 79 Ancient text 17
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Original photograph
Person
Alexander the Great
Macedonian king who lived from 356 to 323 BCE and became a hero of stories in different languages and traditions after his death.
Alexander’s head with ram’s horn on Lysimachos coin, 297–281 BCE; Met 05.44.430. Posthumous Hellenistic image, not an identified Dhul Qarnayn portrait
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Person
Gregory of Tours
Sixth-century Christian author; the Latin Sleepers narrative’s ending names him and John the Syrian in its translation credit.
Modern comparison: recension217 has eight humans; Latin opening seven; Qur’an reports3,5,7 plus dog. No exclusive source identified
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Person
Jacob of Serugh
Syriac author of the late fifth and early sixth centuries, credited with a homily on the youths of Ephesus.
Modern method diagram: narrated Decius/Theodosius differ from homily composition and surviving copy. John is a named Latin intermediary; no particular copy route into Qur’an proven
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Illustration
Person
Manu, Survivor in Indian Flood Traditions
A central human figure in several Sanskrit accounts of the flood and human renewal; his position and role differ across the Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, Mahābhārata and Purāṇas.
Modern conceptual illustration evoking the boat, horned fish, seeds and mountain in Manu traditions, especially the epic version; not an ancient artifact or documented location. © IL Archive, CC0
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Person
Deucalion in Greek Flood Traditions
A Greek figure linked with the flood, Pyrrha, Prometheus and stone-born people; details differ between Pindar, Pseudo-Apollodorus and Ovid.
Modern conceptual illustration of receding water, two survivors, a mountain and stones evoking Deucalion; not an archaeological photograph or a documented location. © IL Archive, CC0
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Original photograph
Person
Moses
Central figure in Exodus, Torah traditions and the Qur’an; childhood accounts differ in detail.
K.3401 from Nineveh, a Neo-Assyrian witness to Sargon’s birth legend, British Museum. A copy later than the king, not Moses’ basket or an image of the infant. © Marie-Lan Nguyen / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY 2.5
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Person
Hammurabi
King of Babylon in Mesopotamia, reigning around 1792–1750 BCE. A celebrated legal text preserved on a stele and cuneiform copies bears his name.
A limestone votive monument from Sippar, showing Hammurabi with his left arm raised. The British Museum dates it to his reign, 1792–1750 BCE; object 22454. Photograph by Marie-Lan Nguyen, 2012
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Person
Sargon of Akkad
Third-millennium BCE king associated with later birth and ascent traditions.
The protagonist does not date the story; the copy does not identify its first formulation
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Researcher
Samuel Sandmel
Scholar whose influential “Parallelomania” appeared in 1962.
A working tool for this study, not an automatic test or universally weighted checklist
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Person
Al-Ghazālī
Eleventh- and twelfth-century Muslim thinker distinguishing treatments of attributes by audience.
Different interpretive patterns, not a fixed one-method-per-school table
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Person
Thomas Aquinas
Thirteenth-century theologian linking incorporeality, simplicity and immutability through philosophical premises.
Positions in specific texts, not a consensus of early or later Christianity; no portraits depicted
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Person
Augustine
Fourth- and fifth-century Christian author describing his changing grasp of nonspatial divine presence.
Positions in specific texts, not a consensus of early or later Christianity; no portraits depicted
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Person
Origen
Second- and third-century Christian exegete; the surviving First Principles argues for an incorporeal God.
Positions in specific texts, not a consensus of early or later Christianity; no portraits depicted
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Person
Tertullian
Latin Christian author of the late second and early third centuries with a distinctive body–spirit vocabulary.
Positions in specific texts, not a consensus of early or later Christianity; no portraits depicted
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Person
Avicenna (Ibn Sina)
Philosopher in the Arabic Islamic tradition, distinguishing possible from necessary existence in itself.
Modern diagram of ontological dependence, not a temporal sequence or portrait. The argument does not make all Islamic schools agree
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Person
Moses Maimonides
Medieval Jewish thinker; wrote the Guide in Judeo-Arabic and examined incorporeality and attributes.
Modern diagram of passages read in the Guide; neither a portrait of Maimonides nor a summary of the entire book
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Person
Philo of Alexandria
Jewish exegete writing Greek in the early Roman period and using philosophical tools to read the law.
Modern explanatory chronology; succession does not establish direct borrowing between authors. Philo predates Plotinian Neoplatonism. [10][20][21][22][19]
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Person
Aristotle
Greek philosopher whose concepts of actuality, soul and motion were reinterpreted in later religious traditions.
Modern comparison of explanatory principles, not three names for the same god. Plato’s ordering does not establish creation from nothing; Aristotle’s mover is not automatically the biblical God. [6][7][13]
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Person
Plato
Greek philosopher; the Timaeus’s maker differs from later religious conceptions of God.
Modern comparison of explanatory principles, not three names for the same god. Plato’s ordering does not establish creation from nothing; Aristotle’s mover is not automatically the biblical God. [6][7][13]
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