IL Archive The name that crossed millennia
EN

Independent research archive Texts · Ideas · Civilizations

Menu

Ancient text

Egyptian Book of the Dead

A text for line-by-line reading, with transliteration, translation, and resources.

Modern designation for funerary texts and images aiding the deceased in the next world; spells and their arrangement vary between manuscripts.

Funerary papyrus fragment depicting judgment before Osiris, Egypt, ca. 230–150 BCE; Metropolitan Museum 66.99.142. The scale contains a small figure of Maat
Funerary papyrus fragment depicting judgment before Osiris, Egypt, ca. 230–150 BCE; Metropolitan Museum 66.99.142. The scale contains a small figure of MaatThe Metropolitan Museum of Art, 66.99.142 / Open Access, CC0 · CC0License · Object record

Metadata

These are descriptive fields, not conclusions.

Edition
2

Text

It is neither one continuous narrative nor a fixed standard edition. Its texts concern coming forth by day, protection, knowledge and transformation. The image is a Ptolemaic judgment fragment, not the whole corpus.[1][3]

References and notes

  1. Ptolemaic funerary papyrus depicting judgment before Osiris; elements read from this particular object, not assumed universal. Met 66.99.142; ca. 230–150 BCE Return to the text ↑
  2. Curatorial study of Imhotep’s papyrus: spells and images rather than one sequential narrative; protection, knowledge and transformation. Janice Kamrin, 2016; Met 35.9.20a–w Return to the text ↑

Research history

Substantive changes are retained here. Minor copy edits remain in the internal operational log.

  1. Edition 2 · 12 October 2026 · editor:aladmin

    Substantive record update

    Read this revision in its original language (Arabic)

Archive records may be reviewed and refined as better evidence or sources become available. Suggest a correction

Suggest a correction · Suggest a source for this record

Cite this record

IL Archive, «Egyptian Book of the Dead», Edition 2, https://ilarchive.com/en/texts/book-of-the-dead