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Illustration
Concept
Semitic languages
A language family including Akkadian, Ugaritic, Hebrew, Aramaic and Arabic.
Modern simplified diagram of examples in the Semitic family: Akkadian (akk), Hebrew (heb), Aramaic (arc), and Arabic (ara). It does not provide the full classification or dates of divergence
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Original photograph
Deity
El at Ugarit
A deity prominent in West Semitic traditions, especially as head of the divine family in Ugaritic texts.
Ugaritic tablet from the Baal Cycle, ca. 1400–1200 BCE; Louvre, AO 16640. It provides the mythological textual context in which El is studied, rather than a portrait of him or verification of his name on this face
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Original photograph
Page
Who is El?
A name that crossed millennia: a journey through languages, names, and texts, from the earliest Semitic evidence to conceptions of God whose influence remains present today.
Seated deity from Ugarit, possibly El. Bronze and gold foil, c. 1400–1300 BCE; National Museum of Damascus, S 3573 / RS 23.394
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Original photograph
Page
About the Archive
An independent research project tracing the history of religions and ideas of divinity through evidence readers can follow for themselves.
Fragment of an incomplete Ugaritic alphabet tablet, c. 1400–1200 BCE; Louvre, AO 19992 / RS 10.087. Evidence of Ugaritic writing
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Illustration
Page
Our method
How to read evidence in IL Archive: certainty, kinds of knowledge, and the evidence trail.
Modern explanatory diagram of three reading layers: evidence, scholarly interpretation, and the archive’s inference. The symbols illustrate the method; they are not ancient artifacts
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