Category موضوعي
Ritual and changes in belief
Worship, ritual and religious change, including Jewish, Christian and Islamic traditions.
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Original photograph
Ancient text
Egyptian Book of the Dead
Modern designation for funerary texts and images aiding the deceased in the next world; spells and their arrangement vary between manuscripts.
Funerary papyrus fragment depicting judgment before Osiris, Egypt, ca. 230–150 BCE; Metropolitan Museum 66.99.142. The scale contains a small figure of Maat
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Illustration
Ancient text
Avesta
Avestan-language religious corpus with layers and oral transmission, not a book composed in one year.
Modern diagram of textual layers, not a Zoroaster portrait or Avesta manuscript. No single composition year for each layer; surviving-copy age is not an idea’s age
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Illustration
Ancient text
Great Hymn to Aten
Praise text preserved in Ay’s Amarna tomb, depicting the world’s life, Aten and the king’s special knowledge.
Modern diagram distinguishing universal life in the hymn from the king’s particular knowledge. Not an inscription facsimile, an Aten portrait or proof of every Egyptian’s creed
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