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Yom Kippur / Day of Atonement

A reference page linking a name, group, or concept to the materials that discuss it.

Jewish observance whose Leviticus 16 setting involves sanctuary purification and the sent-away goat; distinguish ancient instructions from later practice and interpretation.

William Holman Hunt, The Scapegoat, mid-1850s; Lady Lever catalogue dates the painting to 1854, LL3623. Public-domain reproduction via Wikimedia Commons. Later religious artistic interpretation, not an archaeological depiction of Leviticus’s rite or a portrayal of Azazel
William Holman Hunt, The Scapegoat, mid-1850s; Lady Lever catalogue dates the painting to 1854, LL3623. Public-domain reproduction via Wikimedia Commons. Later religious artistic interpretation, not an archaeological depiction of Leviticus’s rite or a portrayal of AzazelWilliam Holman Hunt / Lady Lever Art Gallery, National Museums Liverpool / via Wikimedia Commons, Public Domain · Public domainImage source

Text

Leviticus 16:29–34 links the rite with the tenth of the seventh month, self-affliction and abstention from work. The chapter distinguishes slaughtered and living sent-away goats; Mishnah Yoma4:2 and6:6 describe the crimson strip and cliff. Different witness dates prevent assigning all details to the oldest text. The accompanying Hunt painting is later reception, not archaeological documentation. [1][9][10][13][14]

References and notes

  1. Complete chapter read in Hebrew and English; goats, confession, removal, washing and annual date distinguished. No cliff killing prescribed. Leviticus 16:1–34; Hebrew and facing English Return to the text ↑
  2. Hebrew paragraph and Sefaria translation read through text API; compilation date from library metadata, not every practice’s date. Mishnah Yoma4:2; William Davidson Edition via public text API; library compilation metadata Return to the text ↑
  3. Complete paragraph read: strip, rock and goat’s fate; not the whole Mishnah or Talmud. Mishnah Yoma6:6; William Davidson Edition via public text API Return to the text ↑
  4. Official museum identification checked; direct catalogue unavailable. Lady Lever painting distinguished from Manchester version. National Museums Liverpool, Lady Lever Art Gallery, William Holman Hunt, TheScapegoat; dated1854 Return to the text ↑
  5. Identity/rights checked and original viewed; public-domain old-work reproduction, not archaeological evidence or assumed museum license. LL3623; 3716×2280 reproduction; PD-Art / Public DomainMark1.0 Return to the text ↑

Research history

Substantive changes are retained here. Minor copy edits remain in the internal operational log.

  1. Edition 2 · 12 October 2026 · editor:aladmin

    Substantive record update

    Read this revision in its original language (Arabic)

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Cite this record

IL Archive, «Yom Kippur / Day of Atonement», Edition 2, https://ilarchive.com/en/entities/yom-kippur