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Anat

A reference page linking a name, group, or concept to the materials that discuss it.

Timeline
From 1400 BCE to 1200 BCE

An active and violent goddess in Ugaritic literature; pressures El over Baal’s palace and addresses him with paternal and wisdom language.

Modern diagram of the palace episode: Anat presses and petitions, Athirat intercedes, El grants permission, and Baal obtains the palace. Narrative summary, not a chronology of every line, a divine constitution or an archaeological reconstruction
Modern diagram of the palace episode: Anat presses and petitions, Athirat intercedes, El grants permission, and Baal obtains the palace. Narrative summary, not a chronology of every line, a divine constitution or an archaeological reconstructionModern diagram by IL Archive · CC BY 4.0 · CC BYLicense · Image source

Reading path

Links recorded in this entry.

Periods

When does it appear?

  • From 1400 BCE to 1200 BCE

Dates

Dates have distinct roles. The timeline uses creation, composition or historical coverage, rather than publication or discovery dates.

Historical coverage
Approximately From 1400 BCE to 1200 BCE

Text

Action and address

In the Baal CycleBaal CycleA group of Late Bronze Age Ugaritic religious texts recounting Baal’s conflicts, relationships with the gods and the building of his palace.Glossary · Click to read the explanation, Anat can pressure the head of the divine household. In KTUKTU: Ugaritic Text ReferencesAbbreviation for a modern scholarly corpus of alphabetic cuneiform texts; its numbers are references, not dates.Glossary · Click to read the explanation 1.3 V she threatens El’s gray hair and beard with blood, then calls his words wise. Parts of the speech are damaged and restorations disputed; not every restored line is certain.

The threat does not prove a religious overthrow or El’s fall. The modern diagram shows the roles of Anat, Athirat, El and BaalBaalStorm god and protagonist of Ugarit’s Baal Cycle; exercises active kingship while El retains importance and authorizes the palace.Glossary · Click to read the explanation in the palace episode, not an ancient image of Anat or a reconstruction of her appearance. [1][2]

References and notes

  1. Sang Youl Cho (2007). Pro-Angelology in the Ugaritic Texts and the Hebrew Bible: A Comparative Study of the Nature and Roles of Lesser Deities. PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh. Selected passages: pp. 13–15 group designations and pḫr bʿl; p. 77 Baal/Anat parentage; pp. 93–94 Athirat, qnyt ilm, KTU 1.4 VI 44–46 and seventy. Interpretive disagreements retained, not a consensus on pantheon membership. Not a full-thesis reading. Return to the text ↑
  2. Jeffery B. Lloyd (1994). The Goddess Anat: An Examination of the Textual and Iconographic Evidence from the Second Millennium B.C. PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh. Pp. 182–185: KTU 1.3 V, gray-hair threat, wisdom and El’s fatherhood, textual gaps and debate over El’s decline. P. 192: Athirat’s intercession and successful palace request. P. 184 visually checked. Thesis not read in full; restorations retained as restorations. Return to the text ↑

Research history

Substantive changes are retained here. Minor copy edits remain in the internal operational log.

  1. Edition 2 · 11 October 2026 · editor:aladmin

    Substantive record update

    Read this revision in its original language (Arabic)

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IL Archive, «Anat», Edition 2, https://ilarchive.com/en/entities/anat